Forms of Punishment - 862 Words

Forms of punishment consist of Capital Punishment, Imprisonment, Probation, Fines, Restitution and Community Service, and Restorative Justice. (Seiter, R. 2011) In the early part of the 1700s there was corporal punishment, torture, and public humiliation. There were other forms of punishment which consists of branding, beating, and mutilation. Prisoners were considered less of a human because of their criminal acts. They were forced to right their wrongs that they have committed either through physical pain, being publicly humiliated and/or endured mutilation, or they were branded, tortured, and/or put to death. (Seiter, R. 2011) When capital or corporal punishment was used in public, it was to help in deterring individual offenders and the broader community. These forms of punishments were done merely to make a mockery of the offender. The citizens of the community were allowed to throw rocks and/or rotten vegetables at the offender. (Seiter, R. 2011) In the 16th and the 17th century prisons was more of a place where individuals were held when they were waiting to go to trial or waiting for their punishment. During the 1700s there were only local holding cells, common prisons, and houses of correction. The first prison in the United States was the Walnut Street Jail. The Governor of Pennsylvania realized that the criminal codes were not humane and that the judges were ineffective because more times then not they did not follow the criminal codes. The Quakers wereShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment Is A Form Of Punishment1236 Words   |  5 PagesCapital Punishment is a form of punishment used to put criminals to death for certain serious crimes. Capital Punishment has been around for many years in different variations by putting an individuals to death, because many people are afraid to die. However, over the years problems have risen about the ethical issues on whether killing someone in terms of a punishment is ethical or uneth ical. Therefore, since the death penalty is within the states, some states decided to opt out of being a deathRead MoreCapital Punishment : A Form Of Legal Punishment Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment implies that the criminal is sentenced to death as a punishment for their crimes. Prima facie, it appears to be the most just punishment and solution to crimes that demand such severity of punishment in proportion to the offense. However, the reason why it is a moot point and a debatable issue is because ethicists see both sides of the story and there are numerous ethical issues involved with institutionalizing capital punishment. To understand the debate on capital punishment as anRead MoreNon Judicial Punishment Is A Form Of Punishment1323 Words   |  6 PagesNon-judicial punishment Non-judicial punishment is a form of punishment that is authorized by the UCMJ, which is an article 15, this allows a commander to discipline troops without court-martial (Non-Judicial Punishment Explained, n.d.). Some minor offenses a service member may receive an article 15 for are: reporting to duty late, disobeying orders, destruction of government property, petty theft, or any other offense the commander of a unit deems as minor (Non-Judicial Punishment Explained,Read MoreTrauma Is A Form Of Punishment913 Words   |  4 PagesTrauma is present in many currently incarcerated prisoners caused by being subjected to prolonged incarceration in an environment that is used as a form of punishment. â€Å"Trauma is an event in which there is physical harm, the self is wounded, or when a person who directly experiences, witnesses, or learns about a violent event is damaged by it† (DeVeaux, 2013). In simpler terms, trauma is an emotional response to a terrible event. Symptoms of trauma may be more prevalent in prisoners detained in solitaryRead MoreIncarceration as a Form of Punishment1355 Words   |  6 PagesIncarceration is thought of as a positive form of punishment, and negative form of punishment. The opinion varies with the type of person, and their experience from jail if they have gone. Most inmates while in prison will tell you it is a horrible place that should be gone. That would allow criminals to be free and that would let them cause harm to others or other illegal activities. Incarceration was not designed to be a paradise, it is a detention center for the bad, and meant for them to be punishedRead MoreCorporal Punishment Is A Form Of Physical Punishment1363 Words   |  6 Pages Corporal punishment is a form of physical punishment that inflicts pain on kids for their negative actions such as spanking. This topic is controversial because some people feel very strongly that they should be allowed to continue using these methods and others f eel very strongly that they should not be allowed to. I feel as if this method of punishment is inhumane and should not continue to be used. The modernization of psychology has proved that hitting children will not help them learn thatRead MoreSlavery As A Form Of Punishment2010 Words   |  9 Pages I wouldn’t want to have to constantly have adjust to being slaved against my will. Basically the mid- 19th century the whites remained doing slavery as a domain to keep the population in check. The evolution over time profound slavery as a form of punishment to the welcoming of a new focus of controlling the occupants of the colonies. I’ve come to realize that the struggle that people live upon during this time, I wouldn’t wish it upon anyone. The African slaves was used as a cheaper source of workRead MoreEssay on Capital Punishment - An Appropriate Form of Punishment888 Words   |  4 Pagessettlers first stepped foot on what is now the United States of America, capital punishment has been reserved as a form of punishment for the people who have committed some of society’s most heinous crimes. Recently, support of capital punishment has begun to erode due to the advancements of DNA technology and groups, such as the Innocence Project. Capital punishment, however, remains to be an appropriate form of punishment for someone convicted of capital crimes, and may be effective in deterring suchRead MorePunishment: Forms and Functions Essay1345 Words   |  6 Pagesstate authority to dispense justice in the form of punishment to maintain social solidarity. There are many forms of punishment that can be given to an offender, each with their own functions for the offender and society itself. Imprisonment is one of the most widely used forms of punishments globally, the ideology of imprisonment globally tends to remain the same. There are several functions of imprisonment and whether it is an effective method of punishment is widely argued by sociologist. To removeRead MoreSolitary Confinement Is A Form Of Punishment918 Words   |  4 Pagescannot be left in general population. Supermax prisons is a form of tool where the wardens and security guards can manage any disobedient prisoners. Many state wardens believe that solitary confinement does provide order and safety to the correctional staff and the inmates as well. This form of housing unit is needed because those who are not cooperative to any form of treatment and who are a threat to those around them need this form of punishment. â€Å"Supermax is a mechanism of â€Å"herding a specific population

Driving On An Open Road - 996 Words

There’s something incredible about driving on an open road and watching the scenery change while listening to your favorite song or boarding an airplane and getting that sinking feeling in your stomach while taking off, flying into a new adventure. These are some of my favorite things about traveling; enjoying the journey not just the destination. Growing up my family didn’t do much traveling. Our travels consisted of short road trips, lots of laughter, fun and adventure. We weren’t a privileged family; we were quite the opposite. Although we lacked in the financial department, I don’t recall ever feeling like we did. This could’ve been because my head was always in the clouds but it probably had a lot to do with how much love there is in our family. As I grew older I started to take notice of where my friends were going to spend their summer or winter vacations. While mine, were going to be spent mostly home. These were the times I spent dreaming about where I would travel to if I only had the money. Fast forward to the first time I spontaneously planned a road trip one summer. I didn’t intend to go on a trip but I had recently seen pictures of a place called Horseshoe Bend and I was utterly captivated by its beauty. Not only was it remarkable but a few hours away. I was determined to visi t Horseshoe Bend that summer and began preparing my trip. While planning, I had so many questions: Where do I start? How do I get there? Where do I stay? How long is my trip going toShow MoreRelatedDriving On An Open Road916 Words   |  4 PagesThere is something extraordinary about driving on an open road. While listening to your favorite song and watching the scenery change, voyaging into a new adventure. These are my favorite things about traveling; enjoying the journey, not just the destination. Growing up, my family did little traveling. As for our travels comprised of short road trips, lots of laughter, fun and adventure. We were not a privileged family, on the contrary, we were quite the opposite. Although we lacked in the financialRead MoreThe Dangers Of Texting While Driving1561 Words   |  7 Pageswhich this powerful object can be dangerous. Texting while driving is one danger many do not realize until something drastic happens. Texting while driving is not only a threat to us, but as well as other drivers, passengers, and pedestrians. However, with the lack of enforcement on the laws and punishments, the use of cell phones while driving does not come as a threat to drivers, which needs to change. Using a cell phone while driving causes an overwhelming amount of accidents, injuries, and deathsRead MoreThe Concept Of Autonomous Vehicles Essay1336 Words   |  6 Pagesautonomous, or self-driving, vehicles dates back nearly a century. It was first introduced in the 1930s when it graced the pages of science fiction and has continued to be a hot topic ever since (Weber, 2014). Autonomous vehicles, or AVs, are â€Å"those in which operation of the vehicle occurs without direct driver input to control the steering, acceleration, and braking and are designed so that the driver is not expected to constantly monitor the roadway while operating in self-driving mode† (NHTSA, 2013)Read MorePersuassive Essay on Texting and Driving994 Words   |  4 Pagesblamed on distracted driving and most of the distractions are caused by cell phone usage.† Many drivers today have such busy lives and never have time to get the things they need to do complete in one day’s time. This leaves them to get things done while on the road. Checking emails is a top priority for Americans and since many have Smartphone’s, they will do it on the road as well as send text messages. There are many laws being established to try to prevent distracted driving from happening, althoughRead MoreThe Feeling Of Exasperation While Waiting On Traffic Is A Sensation Known By Many Drivers Essay980 Words   |  4 Pagesthose people could have been more cautious on the road, the whole situation could have been avoided Not only would they have been spared from dealing with such an awful situation, but the people caught in the aftermath in the form of traffic would have been spared also. Now imagine a vehicle that could have prevented the situation described above. A car that could solve the problems of automobile accidents, traffic, and the time lost when driving. An automobile with the ability to operate withoutRead MoreTexting While Driving Is A Problem904 Words   |  4 Pagesmessaging while driving has a severe the negative effect on drivers ability to maintain a central lane position, or more serious those cause can death on the road. Texting while driving can be compared to driving while being drunk. The author asserts that 30.2 million persons aged 21 years or older had driven under the influence of alcohol at least once during the past year. (Dubois, et al). As a result, many accidents have taken place by the most of teenagers and adults people who are driving while beingRead MoreTexting While Driving Argumentative Essay773 Words   |  4 PagesEssay Many accidents are blamed on distracted driving and most of the distractions are caused by cell phone usage. However, some opponents feel that creating a law against cell phone use infringes their personal rights. Others think that banning someone from using their cell phones is equivalent to telling someone that they cant adjust their radio or chat with someone else in their car. However, using a cell phone, whether talking or texting, while driving can be extremely dangerous; it should be madeRead MoreDriving While Texting : Distracted Driving992 Words   |  4 PagesDuring 2012-2015, more than 13,000 traffic deaths nationwide were due to distracted driving. It is believed that distracted drivers are 23 times more likely to get into a traffic accident as compared to those who are completely focused on the road. The Ohio State Highway Patrol reports that there were 302,307 motor vehicle crashes in Ohio in 2015. These crashes resulted in 1,110 fatalities. 22 of these fatalities were attributed to drivers who were distracted by their phones, texting, emailing orRead MoreEssay on Self Driving Automobiles. Is it reality?1040 Words   |  5 Pagesriding in your driverless car heading to the moutains for a weekend away. This is the future of the automobile in the 21st century and this technology driven by artificial intelleigence is just around the corner. Don’t freak out if driving in Nevada, and you see a car driving by iteself, the state issued the first licence for a self driven car. The vehicle is identified by a red licence plate along with an infinity symbol. Other states including Florida and California have also passed laws to run theRead MoreA Report On The Housing Of Silverwater827 Words   |  4 PagesSilverwater Park (Clyde Street) - A fun park with a kids’ playground, water views. picnic areas, plenty of open space, a gazebo, and lots to do. Many local gatherings, events, and festivals are held at Silverwater Park. Silverwater Park also butts up against the Blaxland Riverside Park, which features Sydney s largest playground and walking/cycling/jogging trails. †¢ Hume Park (Carnarvon Street) - A great open space for walking or jogging. †¢ Newington Reserve (Slough Avenue) - A nice, green/grassy area with

Arts and Culture in Colonial America Essay Example For Students

Arts and Culture in Colonial America Essay Although historical records show that Dutch painters in New Netherlands were quite productive urine the seventeenth century, only three works survived: portraits of New Netherlands governor Peter Stuyvesant, Nicholas William Stuyvesant, and Jacobs Stacker, which were probably painted sometime between 1661 and 1666 by Houghton (French Protestant) artist Henry Couturier. Most Dutch painters were limbers (that is, delineation, or artists vivo depicted their subjects by drawing). They usually earned their living at other trades such as houseparents or glaziers (people who place glass in vendors), and they were sometimes self-taught. Many traveled from place to place in search of commissions (contracts). One of he earliest limbers was Overt Ducking (1621-c. 1 703), Who headed a family Of artists. None of his paintings has survived, but coats of arms (family emblems or crests) enameled on the Windows Of the Dutch Reformed Church (a Protestant religious group based in Holland) at Albany, New York, in 1656 are known to be his work. At least ten portraits are attributed to his youngest son, Gerri Ducking. Grists son, Greasers Ducking, painted The Birth of the Virgin (1713), the earliest dated and signed New York painting. He also specialized in portraits and biblical works, Overt Ducking Ill painted portraits in a style similar o that of his cousin Greasers. Colonial America Almanac 1 Dutch painters continued to arrive in New York and the neighboring New Jersey colony during the early 1 7005, Among them was Pitter Panderers, who painted portraits to leading New York timeliest. Another artist was John Heathen, who married a Dutch woman and was active as a portraitist in the upper Hudson Valley during that period. He is also known for landscapes and genre paintings (those depicting scenes from everyday life). After the English took control of New Netherlands, however, wealthy Dutch colonists began to favor English styles of painting- Painting in New England New England Puritans rejected religious paintings and other forms of decoration as being too closely associated With Roman Catholicism. (Puritans were a Protestant Christian group that observed strict moral and religious codes. Protestantism was formed partly in opposition to the elaborate decorations and rituals used in the Catholic Church. ) Yet they approved of portrait painting, not as an art form but as a practical way for people to have a picture of an important leader or a beloved family member. As in New Netherlands, the first New England portrait painters often made a living as houseparents or glaziers, while others ere sign painters. Like limbers, they traveled from town to town looking for work. One tooth most talented was Augustine Clement, a classmates from Reading, England, who arrived in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1635. Unsigned portraits to Puritan leaders Richard Matter, John Clark, and John Endicott were probably painted by Clement. The portrait of Clark and an unsigned portrait of Elizabeth Kensington were both inscribed (dated) in 1664 making them the earliest New England portraits that can be dated with certainty, Portrait style Seven unsigned paintings of parents and their children, dat ed between 1670 ND 1674, are examples of early New England portrait style Scholars believe they were done by Boston artist Samuel Clement. All of the portraits-Mr John Freak, Mrs Elizabeth Freak and Baby Mary, The Mason Children, Alice Mason, and three individual pictures of children in the Gibbs family-feature rich colors and close attention to facial details. The portraits were painted in a style that had gone out of fashion in London but was still practiced in rural England. For example, the trend in London at the time was to create the illusion Of three dimensions with perspective and shading. This artist, however, used bright lord, flattened patterns, and symbolism such as a bird to represent the soul. Colonies attract portrait painters In the early eighteenth century, rising prosperity in the colonies began to draw trained artists to growing port cities. Henrietta Johnston, a painter of miniatures (tiny pictures), arrived in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1705 and remained active there until her death in about 1728 or 1729. She was followed by Swiss artist Jeremiah Teeth, who operated a studio that lasted until 1774. German painter Just Engendered K;hen was active in Annapolis, Maryland, trot 1708 until his death in 1 717. Scots painter John Watson settled in Perth Mambo, New Jersey, in 1 714. English painter Charles Bridges arrived in Virginia in 1735 and spent the next few years traveling from plantation to plantation, painting portraits of the Virginia aristocracy (nobility class). He did not stay in the colonies long enough, however, to have much of an influence on other artists. Houseflies and Simmers have great influence Two artists who were largely responsible for the development of American painting for the rest of the eighteenth century were Gustavo Houseflies (1682- 1 755) and John Simmers (1688-1751). Houseflies was born Arts and Culture 2 in Sweden and received part of his artistic training in England. In the early sass he moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Except for spending a few years in Annapolis in the sass, he lived and worked in Philadelphia until his death. In 1735 Houseflies painted portraits Of Delaware chiefs Disenchant and Lapwings, thus becoming the first European artist to depict Native Americans in a sensitive manner. The Last Supper, which he did for Saint Barbarians Church in Queen Ann.s Parish, Maryland, was the first painting commissioned for a public building in America. The work has since been lost. When Simmers arrived in Boston from England in 1729, he was already an established portrait painter. Two years later he completed his best-known work, The Bermuda Group. The large portrait features Anglican (Church of England) bishop George Berkeley, members to Berkeley family, and others-including Simmers-who participated in Berkeley failed plan to start a college in Bermuda (an island in the Caribbean Sea). The painting became a model for later American group portraits. Although Simmers had done his best work by 1 730, he brought a new sophistication to minting in New England. He did portraits of the leading Boston citizens, and he is credited with organizing the first art show in the colonies. Simmers also influenced a number of younger American artists. Among them was Robert Peek (c. SASS-c 1 750), who was born in Oyster Bay, Long Island. Gamely of Isaac Royal, which Fake painted in Boston in 1741, has been compared to Shimmers The Bermuda Group. Considered by some art historians to be a more imaginative painter than Simmers, Fake influenced other young painters in the sass and 1 sass. Though the two men may never have met, Fake also influenced John Singleton Copley, whose earliest works were modeled on portraits by Fake and Simmers. By 1754 American portrait painting was on the verge Of a great leap forward with the emergence of Benjamin West, as well as Copley and Charles Wilson Pale. Printmaking The most popular art form in the British colonies was the print, A print is made by carving or etching an image into wood, stone, or metal. The printmaker then applies ink to the surface of the image and presses it onto paper to produce a picture. The prints that colonists used to decorate their homes were usually small engravings, most often portraits of prominent people. The first known portrait print made in the colonies was a woodcut portrait to Puritan minister Richard Matter made by Boston prearrangement John Foster in 1670, By 1710 colonial artists were making mezzanines, which are engraved images on copper or steel that appear to be more three-dimensional than simpler engravings, The earliest mezzanine may have been a portrait of four Iroquois chieftains, made by engraver John Simon in 1710. Another prominent engraver Vass William Burgess, who worked in Boston from 1716 to 1731 and made mezzanines of scenes and madmans around the city, Influential Mezzanine Artist The best-known colonial mezzanine artist was Peter Pelham, who had been a printmaker in London before he set up shop in Boston in 1727 _ His most famous mezzanine is a portrait of Puritan minister Cotton Matter, from which he also made an Oil painting. After portrait painter John Simmers arrived in Boston in 1 729, Pelham based many of his mezzanines on Shimmers portraits of notable New Englanders. Pelham passed on his knowledge Of printmaking to his stepson John Singleton Copley, one of the best artists of the Revolutionary period. The first historical print published in the colonies was a line engraving of a battle plan by Thomas Johnson. Colonists also began producing portrait prints for use in books and almanacs. A copperplate engraving of Puritan minister Increase Matter, made by Thomas Mess in 1 728, became a model for prints in books Houseflies and Simmers have great influence 3 published by clergymen. Boston printer James Franklin studied printmaking A colonial tombstone with elaborate carving found in a New England cemetery. Reproduced by permission of Corgis-Bateman. In London, England, and is lived to have made most or all of the illustrations for the books and almanacs he published. Early sculpture The majority of seventeenth-century colonists were struggling to survive in North America, So they paid little attention to artistic trends in England or elsewhere in Europe. They did not have their portraits painted or decorate their homes With landscape paintings and prints by well-known artists. When most colonists created designs, they decorated objects that served a practical purpose. Growth of NYS Business EssayMusic 6 Many of the same people were also alarmed when young singing-school graduates asked permission to sit together and perform some of the religious songs they had learned. The first New England congregation to agree to such a request was the West Church in Boston, which designated singers seats in 1754. By the end of the sass twenty-three churches in New England had made similar arrangements. First American Tune Until the second half of the eighteenth century little original music was imposed in the colonies. The tires piece to new music written in America may have been Southwest New Tune, a brief hymn published in the Reverend Thomas Walters The Grounds and Rules of Music Explained, a popular songbook, The 1723 edition of John Tufts A Very Plain and Easy Introduction to the Art of Singing Psalm Tunes (first published in 1 721) includes another song, 100 Psalm Tune New, that was probably written in America. Organ music Elsewhere in the colonies, churches were increasingly incorporating organ music into their services. The Anglican Kings Chapel in Boston installed an organ in 71 4, and the other two Anglican churches in the city had them by 1744. The first known organ in New York City was installed at the Dutch Reformed Church in 1724. During the first half of the eighteenth century Anglican churches in South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and New York City installed organs. Between 1737 and 1767 five Virginia churches obtained organs. Secular music emerges As new settlers continued to bring their own musical traditions to North America, a distinctly American form of secular (nonreligious) music began to take shape. In the Spanish Southwest ancient songs about European wars were turned onto ballads (narrative songs) that reflected the everyday experiences of the settlers. British colonists fitted new lyrics on contemporary topics to old ballad or hymn tunes. In the eighteenth century English colonists adapted new music from England, such as marches or stage and opera music. While poorer people continued to enjoy folk music and dancing, prosperous colonists wanted to copy the latest trends in music and dancing among aristocratic circles in England. They bought instruments and music books and hired professional music tutors and dancing masters. They also enjoyed listening to performances by British and European musicians, Music flourishes in cities Boston led the way in supporting musical culture in the colonies. Thomas Brattle, a wealthy merchant, installed an organ in his home in 1711 and four years later donated another to the Anglican Kings Chapel. Edward Nektons, who arrived from England in 1715 to work as an organist, started a music and dancing school and began holding public balls. By 1717 he had also opened a store where he sold and repaired musical instruments, as well as offering sheet music and instruction books. In 1729 he sponsored the first documented public concert in the colonies. The following year the Mens Musical Society Of Boston sponsored a concert in honor Of Saint Cecilia, patron saint of music. An early documented private concert was held in 1710 in New York City, where in 1714 musicians were hired for a parade and ball celebrating the coronation (the celebration of the crowning) of King George l. The Philadelphia Assembly, a dancing club founded in 1748, also encouraged musical performances. African American Music During the colonial period African Americans preserved their musical traditions in the slave quarters of the great southern plantations. They sang songs and laded homemade African-style drums and reed instruments. Colonial religious music 7 They also introduced a string instrument called the banner or Banana, which they brought from West Africa in the seventeenth century. A gourd with an attached handle and four catgut strings, it was the basis for the banjo, which American instrument manufacturers began making in the nineteenth century. The first European instruments played by African Americans were violins, or fiddles, which were often homemade but other times were given to them by vitae masters. Some slave owners also taught their slaves to play European-style music for white audiences. Over time black musicians began incorporating their own musical ideas into European music. Musical diversity in rural areas Diverse ethnic groups introduced their own musical traditions throughout the colonies. English and Scots-Irish settlers in remote regions of the Appalachian Mountains brought ballads and tunes, many of which are still being played and sung today. Isolated French settlers in northern New England also maintained their musical traditions, as did German musicians in Pennsylvania. Eighteenth-century Moravian communities in Pennsylvania and North Carolina were well-known for heir ability to perform a wide range of European sacred and secular music. By the eighteenth century secular music was exceptionally popular in the South, where people from outlying plantations often came together during sessions of the courts or legislatures. During that time they attended concerts, plays, and balls and took home the music they heard at those events. By 1735 musicians in Charleston were giving public concerts honoring Saint Cecilia. The Tuesday Club of Annapolis met from May 1745 until February 1756 and fostered its members musical interests. By 1752 the club included five string players, two flute players, a keyboardist, and perhaps a bassoonist. Songs written by several members tort performance at club meetings may be the earliest secular music written in America. Literature When Europeans arrived in North America, they discovered that Native Americans had created rich oral traditions over thousands of years. Stories, poems, and myths were passed on by storytellers from generation to generation. The language of Native American oral performances, Which somewhat resembled European poetry, was highly musical. The narrator conveyed meaning through he way he delivered the words. Jesuit missionaries (Catholic priests Who belonged to the Society of Jesus and traveled to foreign lands to do religious work) in New France (presenters Canada) were among the first to make written records of Native American oral presentations. In yearly reports to their superiors in France, they described how the Huron, Iroquois, and other tribes gave speeches and told stories. The Jesuits also attempted to translate some of the speeches and stories, but they could not fully convey the meaning, which depended on the performance of the Native American speakers. Among the Jesuits who wrote these accounts were Paul El Jejune, Paul Regenerate, Jacques Marquette, and Louis Heinlein, In his report for 1645 and 1646, Regenerate described a storytelling session at a meeting of elders who had gathered to elect a Nerdy celebrated Captain. They used the occasion to pass on tribal history by telling stories about their ancestors. Heinlein mentioned Native American creation mythology (stories about how the world was made) in a report on his explorations of North America in 1637. He was one of many Europeans who attempted to prove that the lost tribes of Israel were the ancestors of Native Americans. (According to the Bible, the Christian holy book, ten Israelite tribes were taken to Assyria after the Assyrian conquered Israel in 722 B. C. No one knows what happened to the tribes. Early Christian leaders claimed Native North Americans were the descendants of these lost tribes) Literature written by Europeans during the colonial period consisted mainly of histories based on their experiences in North America. Many colonists also wrote poetry, which was the primary literary form in Europe at the time. Spanish The earliest literature written by Europeans in North America came from sixteenth-century Spanish explorers who published reports on their journeys after they returned to Spain. The first was Alva Ounce Caber De Vocal, whose account of an eight-year overland journey from Florida to the west coast of Mexico in the sass and sass was published in 1542 (see Chapter 2). In 1605 Spanish military leader Gorillas De la Vega published La Florida del YMCA (Florida tooth Inca), a colorful description of the expedition led by Spanish explorer Hernandez De Sotto in the Spanish territory of La Florida, which is now the southeastern united States (see Chapter 2). It was based on firsthand accounts from expedition members, In the SIS-So Pedro De Steadied wrote about his experiences as a member of Francisco V;squeeze De Coronals expedition in the American West (see Chapter 2). Spanish poetry Much of the early literature of Spanish colonies in the Southwest (present-day New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas) was passed on The title page from Alva Aniline Caber De Visas account Of his journey from Florida to Mexico. Reproduced by permission of Rate P;bloc Press. Orally. Hoping to convert Native Americans and to educate colonists, Franciscan missionaries often staged religious dramas that were either versions of Spanish plays or plays written in Mexico.